ASTM D 7025-2004 评估清洁亚麻纤维细度的标准试验方法
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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforAssessingCleanFlaxFiberFineness
【原文标准名称】:评估清洁亚麻纤维细度的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD7025-2004
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2004
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:W30
【国际标准分类号】:59_080_20
【页数】:5P;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【原文标准名称】:评估清洁亚麻纤维细度的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD7025-2004
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2004
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)
【起草单位】:ASTM
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:W30
【国际标准分类号】:59_080_20
【页数】:5P;A4
【正文语种】:英语
下载地址: 点击此处下载
【英文标准名称】:Sterilizationofhealthcareproducts-Chemicalindicators-Guidanceforselection,useandinterpretationofresults(ISO15882:2008);EnglishversionofDINENISO15882:2008-12
【原文标准名称】:卫生保健产品的灭菌.化学指示剂.选择、使用指南和要求的试验结果(ISO15882-2008).英文版本DINENISO15882-2008
【标准号】:DINENISO15882-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:2008-12
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DE-DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:化学指示剂;分类;定义;开发;指导手册;指示器;解释;作标记;医疗设备;医疗产品;医学科学;公共卫生;质量保证;结果;选择;规范(验收);绝育;灭菌;杀菌器具;监督(认可);示踪法;使用;证实
【英文主题词】:Chemicalindicators;Classification;Definition;Definitions;Developments;Guidebooks;Indicators;Interpretations;Marking;Medicalequipment;Medicalproducts;Medicalsciences;Publichealth;Qualityassurance;Results;Selection;Specification(approval);Sterilization(birthcontrol);Sterilization(hygiene);Sterilizingapparatus;Surveillance(approval);Tracermethods;Use;Validation
【摘要】:1.1ThisInternationalStandardprovidesguidancefortheselection,useandinterpretationofresultsofchemicalindicatorsusedinprocessdefinition,validationandroutinemonitoringandoverallcontrolofsterilizationprocesses.ThisInternationalStandardappliestoindicatorsthatshowexposuretosterilizationprocessesbymeansofphysicaland/orchemicalchangeofsubstances,andwhichareusedtomonitoroneormoreofthevariablesrequiredofasterilizationprocess.Thesechemicalindicatorsarenotdependentfortheiractiononthepresenceorabsenceofalivingorganism.1.2ThisInternationalStandarddoesnotconsiderindicatorsforuseinthoseprocessesthatrelyonphysicalremovalofmicroorganisms,e.g.filtration.1.3ThisInternationalStandardisnotintendedtoapplytoindicatorsforuseincombinationprocesses,forexample,washerdisinfectorsorCIP(cleaninginplace)andSIP(sterilizationinplace).
【中国标准分类号】:C04
【国际标准分类号】:11_080_01
【页数】:39P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforApplicationandAnalysisofSolidStateTrackRecorder(SSTR)MonitorsforReactorSurveillance,E706(IIIB)
【原文标准名称】:反应堆监测用固态径迹记录仪(SSTR)监视器的应用和分析的标准试验方法,E706(IIIB)
【标准号】:ASTME854-2003(2009)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2003
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E10.05
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:dosimetry;fissiondeposit;monitor;PWR;SSTR;surveillance;trackcounting;Dosimetry;Fastneutronflux/fluence;Fluence;Neutronflux/fluence;Nuclearreactorvessels--light-watercooled;Nuclearreactorvessels--surveillance;Radiationexposure--nucl
【摘要】:TheSSTRmethodprovidesforthemeasurementofabsolute-fissiondensityperunitmass.Absolute-neutronfluencecanthenbeinferredfromtheseSSTR-basedabsolutefissionrateobservationsifanappropriateneutronspectrumaveragefissioncrosssectionisknown.Thismethodishighlydiscriminatoryagainstothercomponentsofthein-coreradiationfield.Gammarays,betarays,andotherlightlyionizingparticlesdonotproduceobservabletracksinappropriateLWRSSTRcandidatematerials.However,photofissioncancontributetotheobservedfissiontrackdensityandshouldthereforebeaccountedforwhennonnegligible.Foramoredetaileddiscussionofphotofissioneffects,see13.4.Inthistestmethod,SSTRareplacedinsurfacecontactwithfissionabledepositsandrecordneutron-inducedfissionfragments.Byvariationofthesurfacemassdensity(x03BC;g/cm2)ofthefissionabledepositaswellasemployingtheallowablerangeoftrackdensities(fromroughly1event/cm2upto105events/cm2formanualscanning),arangeoftotalfluencesensitivitycoveringatleast16ordersofmagnitudeispossible,fromroughly102n/cm2upto5x00D7;1018n/cm2.Theallowablerangeoffissiontrackdensitiesisbroaderthanthetrackdensityrangeforhighaccuracymanualscanningworkwithopticalmicroscopycitedin1.2.Inparticular,automatedandsemi-automatedmethodsexistthatbroadenthecustomarytrackdensityrangeavailablewithmanualopticalmicroscopy.Inthisbroadertrackdensityregion,effectsofreducedcountingstatisticsatverylowtrackdensitiesandtrackpile-upcorrectionsatveryhightrackdensitiescanpresentinherentlimitationsforworkofhighaccuracy.AutomatedscanningtechniquesaredescribedinSection11.Fordosimetryapplications,differentenergyregionsoftheneutronspectrumcanbeselectivelyemphasizedbychangingthenuclideusedforthefissiondeposit.ItispossibletouseSSTRdirectlyforneutrondosimetryasdescribedin4.1ortoobtainacompositeneutrondetectionefficiencybyexposureinabenchmarkneutronfield.Thefluenceandspectrum-averagedcrosssectioninthisbenchmarkfieldmustbeknown.Furthermore,applicationinotherneutronfieldsmayrequireadjustmentsduetospectraldeviationfromthebenchmarkfieldspectrumusedforcalibration.Inanyevent,itmustbestressedthattheSSTR-fissiondensitymeasurementscanbecarriedoutcompletelyindependentofanycross-sectionstandards(6).Therefore,forcertainapplications,theindependentnatureofthistestmethodshouldnotbecompromised.Ontheotherhand,manypracticalapplicationsexistwhereinthisfactorisofnoconsequencesothatbenchmarkfieldcalibrationwouldbeentirelyappropriate.1.1Thistestmethoddescribestheuseofsolid-statetrackrecorders(SSTRs)forneutrondosimetryinlight-waterreactor(LWR)applications.Theseapplicationsextendfromlowneutronfluencetohighneutronfluence,includinghighpowerpressurevesselsurveillanceandtestreactorirradiationsaswellaslowpowerbenchmarkfieldmeasurement.(1)ThistestmethodreplacesMethodE418.Thistestmethodismoredetailedandspecialattentionisgiventotheuseofstate-of-the-artmanualandautomatedtrackcountingmethodstoattainhighabsoluteaccuracies.In-situdosimetryinactualhighfluence-hightemperatureLWRapplicationsisemphasized.1.2ThistestmethodincludesSSTRanalysisbybothmanualandautomatedmethods.Toattainadesiredaccuracy,thetrackscanningmethodselectedplaceslimitsontheallowabletrackdensity.Typicallygoodresultsareobtainedintherangeof5to......
【中国标准分类号】:F82
【国际标准分类号】:27_120_20
【页数】:16P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【原文标准名称】:卫生保健产品的灭菌.化学指示剂.选择、使用指南和要求的试验结果(ISO15882-2008).英文版本DINENISO15882-2008
【标准号】:DINENISO15882-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:2008-12
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DE-DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:化学指示剂;分类;定义;开发;指导手册;指示器;解释;作标记;医疗设备;医疗产品;医学科学;公共卫生;质量保证;结果;选择;规范(验收);绝育;灭菌;杀菌器具;监督(认可);示踪法;使用;证实
【英文主题词】:Chemicalindicators;Classification;Definition;Definitions;Developments;Guidebooks;Indicators;Interpretations;Marking;Medicalequipment;Medicalproducts;Medicalsciences;Publichealth;Qualityassurance;Results;Selection;Specification(approval);Sterilization(birthcontrol);Sterilization(hygiene);Sterilizingapparatus;Surveillance(approval);Tracermethods;Use;Validation
【摘要】:1.1ThisInternationalStandardprovidesguidancefortheselection,useandinterpretationofresultsofchemicalindicatorsusedinprocessdefinition,validationandroutinemonitoringandoverallcontrolofsterilizationprocesses.ThisInternationalStandardappliestoindicatorsthatshowexposuretosterilizationprocessesbymeansofphysicaland/orchemicalchangeofsubstances,andwhichareusedtomonitoroneormoreofthevariablesrequiredofasterilizationprocess.Thesechemicalindicatorsarenotdependentfortheiractiononthepresenceorabsenceofalivingorganism.1.2ThisInternationalStandarddoesnotconsiderindicatorsforuseinthoseprocessesthatrelyonphysicalremovalofmicroorganisms,e.g.filtration.1.3ThisInternationalStandardisnotintendedtoapplytoindicatorsforuseincombinationprocesses,forexample,washerdisinfectorsorCIP(cleaninginplace)andSIP(sterilizationinplace).
【中国标准分类号】:C04
【国际标准分类号】:11_080_01
【页数】:39P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforApplicationandAnalysisofSolidStateTrackRecorder(SSTR)MonitorsforReactorSurveillance,E706(IIIB)
【原文标准名称】:反应堆监测用固态径迹记录仪(SSTR)监视器的应用和分析的标准试验方法,E706(IIIB)
【标准号】:ASTME854-2003(2009)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2003
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E10.05
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:dosimetry;fissiondeposit;monitor;PWR;SSTR;surveillance;trackcounting;Dosimetry;Fastneutronflux/fluence;Fluence;Neutronflux/fluence;Nuclearreactorvessels--light-watercooled;Nuclearreactorvessels--surveillance;Radiationexposure--nucl
【摘要】:TheSSTRmethodprovidesforthemeasurementofabsolute-fissiondensityperunitmass.Absolute-neutronfluencecanthenbeinferredfromtheseSSTR-basedabsolutefissionrateobservationsifanappropriateneutronspectrumaveragefissioncrosssectionisknown.Thismethodishighlydiscriminatoryagainstothercomponentsofthein-coreradiationfield.Gammarays,betarays,andotherlightlyionizingparticlesdonotproduceobservabletracksinappropriateLWRSSTRcandidatematerials.However,photofissioncancontributetotheobservedfissiontrackdensityandshouldthereforebeaccountedforwhennonnegligible.Foramoredetaileddiscussionofphotofissioneffects,see13.4.Inthistestmethod,SSTRareplacedinsurfacecontactwithfissionabledepositsandrecordneutron-inducedfissionfragments.Byvariationofthesurfacemassdensity(x03BC;g/cm2)ofthefissionabledepositaswellasemployingtheallowablerangeoftrackdensities(fromroughly1event/cm2upto105events/cm2formanualscanning),arangeoftotalfluencesensitivitycoveringatleast16ordersofmagnitudeispossible,fromroughly102n/cm2upto5x00D7;1018n/cm2.Theallowablerangeoffissiontrackdensitiesisbroaderthanthetrackdensityrangeforhighaccuracymanualscanningworkwithopticalmicroscopycitedin1.2.Inparticular,automatedandsemi-automatedmethodsexistthatbroadenthecustomarytrackdensityrangeavailablewithmanualopticalmicroscopy.Inthisbroadertrackdensityregion,effectsofreducedcountingstatisticsatverylowtrackdensitiesandtrackpile-upcorrectionsatveryhightrackdensitiescanpresentinherentlimitationsforworkofhighaccuracy.AutomatedscanningtechniquesaredescribedinSection11.Fordosimetryapplications,differentenergyregionsoftheneutronspectrumcanbeselectivelyemphasizedbychangingthenuclideusedforthefissiondeposit.ItispossibletouseSSTRdirectlyforneutrondosimetryasdescribedin4.1ortoobtainacompositeneutrondetectionefficiencybyexposureinabenchmarkneutronfield.Thefluenceandspectrum-averagedcrosssectioninthisbenchmarkfieldmustbeknown.Furthermore,applicationinotherneutronfieldsmayrequireadjustmentsduetospectraldeviationfromthebenchmarkfieldspectrumusedforcalibration.Inanyevent,itmustbestressedthattheSSTR-fissiondensitymeasurementscanbecarriedoutcompletelyindependentofanycross-sectionstandards(6).Therefore,forcertainapplications,theindependentnatureofthistestmethodshouldnotbecompromised.Ontheotherhand,manypracticalapplicationsexistwhereinthisfactorisofnoconsequencesothatbenchmarkfieldcalibrationwouldbeentirelyappropriate.1.1Thistestmethoddescribestheuseofsolid-statetrackrecorders(SSTRs)forneutrondosimetryinlight-waterreactor(LWR)applications.Theseapplicationsextendfromlowneutronfluencetohighneutronfluence,includinghighpowerpressurevesselsurveillanceandtestreactorirradiationsaswellaslowpowerbenchmarkfieldmeasurement.(1)ThistestmethodreplacesMethodE418.Thistestmethodismoredetailedandspecialattentionisgiventotheuseofstate-of-the-artmanualandautomatedtrackcountingmethodstoattainhighabsoluteaccuracies.In-situdosimetryinactualhighfluence-hightemperatureLWRapplicationsisemphasized.1.2ThistestmethodincludesSSTRanalysisbybothmanualandautomatedmethods.Toattainadesiredaccuracy,thetrackscanningmethodselectedplaceslimitsontheallowabletrackdensity.Typicallygoodresultsareobtainedintherangeof5to......
【中国标准分类号】:F82
【国际标准分类号】:27_120_20
【页数】:16P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语